September, 2008

One of the advantages of trading currencies (compared to other types of securities) is that forex markets operate continuously from 6PM (US Eastern time) Sunday to 4PM Friday. However, some traders may find this overwhelming. After all, if the markets never close, how should one decide when to trade?

As the US Congress puts the finishing touches on a $700 Billion plan intended to resuscitate the ailing financial sector, analysts remain hard at work assessing the potential implications. The consensus- unchanged from when the plan was first unveiled- is strongly negative, especially as far as the Dollar is concerned. When combined with the government's other initiatives, the bailout will add nearly $1 Trillion to America's national debt. Additionally, the Federal Reserve Bank would have to print money to bridge a shortfall in the government's borrowings, thereby stoking the fires of inflation. Ironically, the Dollar's best chance to avoid a continued decline is if the bailout plan fails in its stated aim, and the American economy implodes, pulling the global economy down with it.

US political and economic officials are now operating in panic mode, as the credit crisis enters a new stage of direness. Politicians are hard at work trying to hammer out a bill that would funnel as much as $700 Billion into mortgage securities in a last-ditch effort to raise investor confidence. Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Fed, has warned that failure to pass the bill could send the US economy into a prolonged recession and asset prices into a deflationary tailspin. Accordingly, the Fed may continue to act unilaterally if the US government can't be persuaded to come on board.

This week, the Korean Won continued its downward slide, as a new round of volatility in global capital markets crimped a slight rally that had begun to build in the previous week. The currency has already fallen nearly 20% in 2008, as skittish investors have fled emerging markets en masse as the credit crisis has flared with renewed vigor. Last week, the government intimated with only a modicum of vagueness that it is prepared to use its $250 Billion in reserve to defend the Won, in order to forestall the kind of currency crisis that crippled its economy in 1997-1998. Bloomber News reports:

In day 2 of our bailout coverage, let's look at the potential impact on inflation. On one hand, the government is proposing spending $700 Billion to buy faltering mortgages. Combined with the funds that have already been spent to deal with the credit crisis, this brings the total expenditure $1 Trillion, which amounts to more than 10% of the current liquid money supply. On the other hand, global food and commodity prices have eased over the last few months, causing a similar abatement in record rates of inflation. As a result of the economic recession and consequent depressed demand, prices don't appear likely to return to the stratospheric levels of early 2008.

Congress remains deadlocked over the proposed $700 Billion plan to bail-out the American mortgage industry and alleviate the financial crisis, but that hasn't stopped forex traders from weighing the implications. Suffice it to say that the Dollar fell 2.5% against the Euro-its worst-ever single session performance- in the first day of trading since a loose outline of the proposal was made available to the public. The consensus, thus, is that the plan is unambiguously bad for the Dollar. Investors expect the US national debt will balloon, and it isn't clear whether foreign institutions and Central Banks are willing to play along, as they have in the past. In fact, treasury bond prices mirrored the performance of the Dollar, recording the sharpest fall in nearly two decades.

In case you were asleep, US and global capital markets last week experienced unprecedented turmoil, followed by an unprecedented rebound. US stock market indices, for example, declined nearly 10% over the course of two days as it was revealed that three financial institutions (AIG, Merril Lynch, Lehman Brothers) were in deep trouble. Granted, the three scenarios managed to resolve themselves (government purchase, shotgun merger, bankruptcy), but the unthinkable had transpired. The following day, the markets promptly recouped their losses, as the earliest details of a sprawling US government bailout were announced. However, investors remain wary as they attempt to sort out the details. According to one piece of analysis, the forex implications are as follows:

The Treasury Department has officially dipped into the Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF), the obscure and rarely utilized pool of foreign exchange whose ostensible purpose is to stabilize forex markets in times of uncertainty. The Treasury surely skirted this mandate by using a portion of the reserves to provide insurance to money market funds, which are facing a sudden collapse of confidence in the latest chapter of the credit crisis. Although, the move was not without precedent, since the ESF was used as a source of capital for a loan to Mexico as recently as 1995.

Over the last decade, the Central Banks of most emerging-market economies built up fantastic quantities of foreign exchange reserves, as a result of lopsided trade and current surpluses with foreign countries eager to invest abroad. However, declining commodity prices, sagging stock markets, and a global trend towards risk aversion have propelled investors to shift massive amounts of capital back into the industrialized world. As a result, these same Central Banks are drawing down on their reserves at a similarly rapid pace, in an attempt to shore up their ailing currencies. A cheap currency can be advantageous, especially during an economic downturn, since it makes exports relatively more competitive.